Energy, Efficiency & Decarbonization

Introduction Africa's energy transition from coal to renewables represents a complex balancing act between economic development, environmental sustainability, and social equity. In low-income countries, coal has long provided reliable, affordable baseload power, but its environmental toll—contributing to climate change and health issues—demands change. Recent 2025 data highlights renewables' edge: solar and wind LCOE ranges from $27 to $75 per MWh,...

Introduction The Inga Dam project, located 140 miles southwest of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), harnesses the world's second-largest river at Inga Falls, where the Congo drops 96 meters with a flow rate of 42,000 cubic meters per second. This natural powerhouse could theoretically produce 39.6 GW of energy, making Grand Inga the planet's largest hydroelectric scheme...